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VOLVO 14520610 108102210 R9346000M01 / EC460 EC480 Ihuza ry'ibiziga by'umunyururu / Ifite uburemere EXC Ifite igice cy'imodoka munsi y'imodoka uruganda n'uruganda rwayo / CQC TRACK

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Ipine ya Volvo Track Sprocket INTEKO 
Icyitegererezo EC460
Nimero y'igice 14520610 108102210 R9346000M01
Tekiniki Gutera
Ubukomere bw'ubuso HRC50-58Ubujyakuzimu 10-12mm
Amabara Umukara
Igihe cya garanti Amezi 12 cyangwa 2000 m/h, icyo ari cyo cyose kiza mbere
Icyemezo IS09001-2015
Uburemere 107.5KG
Igiciro cya FOB Imbuga ya FOB Xiamen $ 25-100 ku gipande
Igihe cyo gutanga Mu minsi 20 nyuma y'uko amasezerano ashyizweho
Igihe cyo Kwishyura T/T, L/C, WESTERN UNION
OEM/ODM Yemerwa
Ubwoko Ibikoresho byo munsi y'imodoka icukura ibintu bikurikiranwa
Ubwoko bwo kwimuka Icukura rikurikiranwe
Serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha itangwa Ubufasha mu bya tekiniki bya videwo, Ubufasha kuri interineti


Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

Iteraniro ry'amapine y'umunyururu w'inzira | Uruganda rw'inkomoko nziza rwa OEM

Byanditswe na JACK
Impuguke Nkuru mu bijyanye no gutwara ibinyabiziga biri munsi y'imodoka, CQC TRACK


1. Incamake y'ibicuruzwa

Ihuriro ry'amapine ya VOLVO 14520610 / 108102210 / R9346000M01 rigizwe n'igice cy'ingenzi cyo kohereza ingufu ku mashini zicukura za VOLVO EC460 na EC480. Nk'aho ari ho moteri y'ingendo ya hydraulic n'umuyoboro w'inzira, iyi huriro ry'amapine rihindura imbaraga za hydraulic mo imbaraga zo gukurura - bigatuma iba imwe mu bice biremereye cyane mu buryo bwose bwo gutwara munsi y'imodoka.

CQC TRACK ikora iyi nteguro nk'iyisimbura ireme rya OEM, yakozwe kugira ngo ihuze cyangwa irenze ibisabwa by'ibikoresho by'umwimerere. Dukoresheje uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho fatizo kuva ku gushakisha ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku gukora, dukora nk'uruganda rutanga isoko ndetse n'umufatanyabikorwa mu nganda ku bacuruza ibikoresho, abakoresha ubwikorezi bw'amato, n'abacuruzi b'ibikoresho ku masoko mpuzamahanga.

OEM Indangamuntu Zitandukanye

Nimero y'Igice cya OEM Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Ubwoko bw'ibice
14520610 VOLVO EC460 / EC480 Iteraniro ry'ibiziga bya Sprocket
108102210 VOLVO EC460 / EC480 Iteraniro ry'ibiziga bya Sprocket
R9346000M01 VOLVO EC460 / EC480 Iteraniro ry'ibiziga bya Sprocket

2. Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki: Byakozwe mu rwego rwo gukora ingendo zidasanzwe

Iteraniro rya sprocket rikora nk'aho ari ryo rihuza n'udukingirizo tw'umuyoboro w'imashini. Imiterere y'amenyo yayo n'ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho byayo bigena mu buryo butaziguye igihe cy'imikorere, imikorere myiza, n'igihe imashini ikora.

2.1 Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe

Ibisobanuro Igipimo Igisanzwe
Ibikoresho by'ibanze Icyuma cya Alloy cy'icyuma cya 42CrMo4 / 40CrMnMo DIN / ASTM A29
Ubukomere bw'ubuso 52–58 HRC Gukomera mu gutera
Uburebure bw'Urubanza ≥6 mm ku murongo w'ivumbi Kugenzura neza
Ubukomere bw'ibanze 28–35 HRC Yazimye kandi irashyuha
Imiterere y'ibinyampeke Ifunze-Ifite Ingufu Nta busembwa bwo guterera

Guhitamo icyuma cya 42CrMo4 chromium-molybdenum alloy steel bitanga ubukomere budasanzwe, kwihangana mu munaniro, no gushobora kwihanganira stress nyinshi zikunze kugaragara mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no mu mirimo ikomeye y'ubwubatsi. Uburyo bwo gukomera bw'icyuma bugenzurwa neza kugira ngo bugere ku gukwirakwira neza kw'ubukomere - bikomeye bihagije kugira ngo birwanye kwangirika, ariko bikagira uburebure buhagije bwo kwakira imitwaro y'ingufu nta gutsindwa gukabije.

2.2 Imiterere y'amenyo n'ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo

  • Jometri y'amenyo ya CNC: Buri ryinyo rya sprocket rikorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya OEM hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura neza uburebure bw'umurambararo w'amenyo, ubugari bw'amenyo, n'umurambararo w'imizi y'amenyo. Imiterere yaryo irakozwe neza kugira ngo ifatanye neza n'udukingirizo tw'umuyoboro w'inzira, bigabanye kwangirika kwa sprocket n'umuyoboro.
  • Ubushobozi bwo Kwihanganira Uburyo bwo Gushyiraho: Imiterere ya bolt, umurambararo w'igipilote, n'ubugari bwa flange yo gushyiraho bikozwe muri CNC kugeza kuri ± 0.05 mm neza, biha uburenganzira bwo guhuza neza n'aho moteri ikorera nta guhindagurika cyangwa ngo bihindurwe.
  • Ubuziranenge bw'ibice: Ibice by'ibi ...

2.3 Ibice bigize ihuriro

Buri teraniro ryuzuye rya sprocket rikubiyemo:

  • Impeta ya Sprocket: Ifite amenyo akomeye kandi akozwe neza
  • Udupira two Gushyiraho: Udupira twinshi twa 12.9 dufite imbaraga nyinshi kandi turinda ingese
  • Impeta za O-Rings / Gaskets: Zo gufunga hagati y'agasanduku n'aho imodoka ikorera
  • Uburyo bwo kuvura ingese: Irangi rya zinc cyangwa black oxide rikozwe mu mavuta arwanya ingese

3. Ubushobozi bwo gukora: Impamvu ikomoka kuri CQC TRACK

Nk'uruganda, atari umucuruzi gusa, CQC TRACK igenzura buri cyiciro cy'umusaruro—kuva ku cyemezo cy'ibikoresho kugeza ku guteranya burundu. Uku guhuza guhagaze bitanga ubuziranenge buhamye, gukurikirana neza, no kwizerana kw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.

3.1 Porogaramu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge

Urugendo Uburyo bwo kugenzura Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo Kwemera
Ibikoresho fatizo Impamyabumenyi z'ibizamini bya Spectrometry / Mill Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire byemejwe
Gucura Igenzura ry'ibipimo Ubuziranenge bw'umuvuduko w'ibinyampeke
Imashini CMM / Umugereranya w'amajwi ± 0.05 mm Kwihanganira
Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe Isuzuma ry'ubukomere (100%) Ubuso bwa HRC 52–58
Uburyo bwo kuvura nyuma yo gushyuha Igenzura ry'uduce twa Magnetic Particles (MPI) Nta micanga iri hejuru
Inteko ya nyuma Isuzuma ry'ingufu zizenguruka Gushyiramo Indangagaciro
Kwemeza itsinda Ikizamini cy'Intebe y'Umunaniro Ingano y'amasaha 1000

3.2 Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bugezweho

Gucura Ingufu Zifunze: Agace k'ubusa gakozwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya closed-die, ritanga imiterere y'ibinyampeke binini kandi bingana bikurikiza imiterere y'ibice. Ubu buryo bukuraho imyanda y'imbere n'imyenge ikunze kugaragara mu bice by'icyuma, bigatanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye.

Gukomera mu buryo bunonosoye: Gushyushya mu buryo bunogeye mudasobwa bigakurikirwa no kuzimya vuba bitera agasanduku gakomeye gafatanye n'icyuma ku gice gikomeye. Iyi miterere ifite ibice bibiri ituma habaho kudashira no kwifata—ni ingenzi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.

Igenzura ry'imashini ipima (CMM): Buri gipimo cy'ingenzi cyemezwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya CMM, bireba ko buri sprocket ihuye n'ibipimo bya VOLVO by'umwimerere ku miterere ya bolt, uburebure bw'umubyigano, n'imiterere y'amenyo.


4. Inkunga ku isoko ry'akarere n'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi

CQC TRACK ifite urusobe rw'ibicuruzwa ku isi hose rufite ahantu hanini ho kubika ibicuruzwa n'ubuhanga mu karere kugira ngo ikore imirimo itandukanye mu masoko atandukanye.

4.1 Ositaraliya na Oseyaniya

Igipimo Ibisobanuro
Amasoko y'ingenzi Ositaraliya (Queensland, Ositaraliya y'Iburengerazuba, New South Wales), Papua Guinée Nouvelle-Guinée
Icyerekezo cy'inganda Ubucukuzi bw'amakara, icyuma, ibikorwa remezo bya LNG, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
Ibicuruzwa byo mu gace Imigabane irabikwa muri Queensland na Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba kugira ngo yoherezwe vuba
Igihe cyo Kubona Igihe cy'Ubwishingizi Amasaha 24–72 uvuye mu bubiko bw'akarere
Inkunga Ubufasha mu bya tekiniki mu rurimi rw'Icyongereza; ubuyobozi bwo gushyiraho aho hantu burahari.

Ositaraliya ni imwe mu hantu hakenera cyane ibikoresho byo munsi y'imodoka ku isi. Guhuza amabuye y'icyuma yo mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya, amabuye akomeye muri Queensland, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo bya kure bisaba ibintu bitanga ubuzima bwiza bwo kwangirika. CQC TRACK yafatanyije n'abacuruza ibikoresho byo mu gace kugira ngo barebe ko ibikoresho bya VOLVO EC460/EC480 bishyirwaho igihe n'aho bikenewe.

4.2 Ubuyapani n'Amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya

Igipimo Ibisobanuro
Amasoko y'ingenzi Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo
Icyerekezo cy'inganda Ubwubatsi bw'imijyi, ibikorwa remezo, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
Icyitegererezo cy'ubwiza Icyemezo cya ISO 9001:2015; imiterere y'ubuziranenge
Ibikoresho Imitwaro yo mu mazi itaziguye iva mu Bushinwa ijya i Tokyo, Osaka, Busan
Igihe cyo Kubona Igihe cy'Ubwishingizi FOB y'iminsi 7–10

Amasoko yo mu Buyapani na Koreya asaba ko habaho ubuziranenge n'ubwizerwe byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Amatsinda yacu ya sprocket akorwa hakurikijwe inzira zemewe na ISO 9001:2015, hamwe n'inyandiko zuzuye zirimo ibyemezo by'ibikoresho na raporo z'igenzura ry'ibipimo biboneka kuri buri kohereza.

4.3 Amerika y'Epfo

Igipimo Ibisobanuro
Amasoko y'ingenzi Brezili, Shili, Peru, Ekwateri, Kolombiya, Arijantine
Icyerekezo cy'inganda Ubucukuzi bw'umuringa (Shili, Peru), amabuye y'agaciro (Brezili), ibikorwa remezo
Imigabane yo mu Karere Ibicuruzwa byabugenewe ku cyambu cya Callao (Peru) n'icyambu cya Santos (Brezili)
Gupfunyika Amasanduku y'ibiti akomeye afite uburinzi bwa VCI
Inkunga y'Ururimi Inkunga ya tekiniki ya Esipanye na Porutugali
Igihe cyo Kubona Igihe cy'Ubwishingizi Iminsi 10–15 uhereye ku imigabane yo mu karere

Urwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Amerika y'Epfo—cyane cyane ibikorwa by'umuringa muri Shili na Peru—rusaba ibice biri munsi y'ubutaka bishobora kwihanganira kwangirika gukabije n'imitwaro ikomeye. Ibice byacu byakozwe mu buryo bw'ubujyakuzimu bwiyongereyeho (≥6 mm) kugira ngo bikomeze ubuzima muri ubu buryo. Ubushuhe bwinshi n'umwuka w'umunyu mu nzira zo gutwara abantu ku nkombe bikemurwa binyuze mu gupakira VCI birinda kwangirika mu gihe cyo kubika imizigo yo mu nyanja no mu bubiko bw'ibikoresho.

4.4 Uburusiya na Aziya yo Hagati

Igipimo Ibisobanuro
Amasoko y'ingenzi Federation y'Uburusiya, Kazakisitani, Uzbekistan, Mongoliya
Icyerekezo cy'inganda Ibikorwa remezo bya peteroli na gaze, ubucukuzi bw'amakara, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya polymetallic
Amahitamo yo mu rwego rwa Arctic Icyuma gishyuha cyane (LT-Steel) gikoreshwa mu bikorwa biri munsi ya zeru
Ibiranga ikirere gikonje Irangi ririnda gufatwa ku ma bolts yo gushyiraho; gukomera kw'ingaruka kurushaho
Ibikoresho Gariyamoshi inyuze muri Qazaqistan; imizigo yo mu nyanja i Vladivostok, Novorossiysk
Inyandiko icyemezo cya EAC; inkunga yo kwemererwa ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo
Igihe cyo Kubona Igihe cy'Ubwishingizi Iminsi 20–25 ku gipimo gisanzwe; reba niba ufite urwego rwa Arctic

Ku bikorwa muri Siberiya no mu Burasirazuba bwa kure bw'Uburusiya, aho ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bushobora kugabanuka munsi ya -40°C, ibyuma bisanzwe bishobora kwangirika. CQC TRACK itanga ubwoko bwa Arctic-grade bufite icyuma cyakozwe mu buryo bwihariye gifite ubushyuhe buke (LT-Steel) gifite imbaraga zo gukomera ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya zeru. Amabati yo gushyiraho ahabwa irangi ryihariye rirwanya gutwarwa kugira ngo ridatera ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'ubukonje.

4.5 Uburayi

Igipimo Ibisobanuro
Amasoko y'ingenzi Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Ubuholandi, Scandinavia, Polonye, ​​Ubwongereza
Icyerekezo cy'inganda Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, ubwubatsi bukomeye, gusenya
Gukurikiza amategeko Kugaragaza CE; Amabwiriza ya EU (EU) 2016/1628 yubahirizwa
Imigabane yo mu Karere Ububiko bw'ibikoresho mu Buholandi na Polonye
Igihe cyo Kubona Igihe cy'Ubwishingizi Amasaha 24–48 uvuye ku imigabane ya EU

Abakiriya b'i Burayi bungukira mu bubiko bw'ibicuruzwa byo mu gace runaka butuma ibicuruzwa bigezwa mu buryo bwihuse ku mugabane wose. Ibicuruzwa byose bifite ikimenyetso cya CE kandi bikurikiza amabwiriza agenga EU. Isoko ry'i Burayi rishyira imbere amahame y'umutekano n'iyubahirizwa ry'ibidukikije bihuye na sisitemu zo gucunga ubuziranenge za CQC TRACK.

4.6 Aziya y'Iburengerazuba, Aziya yo Hagati na Afurika

Igipimo Ibisobanuro
Amasoko y'ingenzi Turukiya, UAE, Arabiya Sawudite, Koweti, Katari, Afurika y'Epfo
Icyerekezo cy'inganda Imishinga minini y'ibikorwa remezo, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu butayu, kubaka bikomeye
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe Gukomera bisanzwe byemejwe ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 50°C+ n'ubushyuhe buri hagati y'ikirere
Uburyo bwo Guhitamo mu Butayu Irinda gufatwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi; irinda ingese neza
Imigabane yo mu Karere Ibicuruzwa bya Dubai (UAE) na Istanbul (Turukiya)
Igihe cyo Kubona Igihe cy'Ubwishingizi Iminsi 7–12 uhereye ku imigabane yo mu karere

Ibikorwa byo mu butayu bifite imbogamizi zidasanzwe: ubushyuhe bukabije bwo mu kirere, kwinjira k'umucanga mwinshi, n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Amasafuriya ya CQC TRACK ku masoko ya Aziya y'Iburengerazuba na Afurika y'Amajyaruguru afite uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu neza hamwe n'ibinyabutabire birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Aho ububiko bwa Dubai buherereye bituma bugera ku bihugu by'Inama y'Ubufatanye mu Kigobe (GCC) byihuse.


5. Imiterere y'uburyo bwo gutwara abantu munsi y'igare: Igisubizo cyuzuye

Nubwo iyi nkuru yibanda ku guteranya amapine ya sprocket, CQC TRACK ikora ubwoko bwose bw'ibice biri munsi y'imodoka zicukura za VOLVO EC460/EC480:

Igice Icyitonderwa cy'ibice bya OEM Itangwa rya CQC
Guteranya Urugendo rw'Inzira Bitandukanye Imiyoboro ikomeye ishingiye ku muvuduko; iminyururu ifite ibihuru
Inkweto zo mu muhanda Bitandukanye Guswera umwe, gusya kabiri, padi
Umuzingo w'imodoka 14520608 Icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "built"; "bearing" zifunze neza
Umuzingo w'inzira Bitandukanye Ifite induction ikomeye; ipfundo ry'udupira tubiri
Imbere Ifite Imboga 1081-02222 / 14510975 / 14533152 Icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "labyrinth seal";
Umuhuza w'inzira Bitandukanye Silinda yo gushyira amavuta; isoko ikomeye
Sprocket 14520610 / 108102210 / R9346000M01 Nkuko byasobanuwe

Ku bakoresha ubwikorezi bw'imodoka, gushaka ibikoresho byuzuye byo gutwara abantu munsi y'imodoka biva ku ruganda rumwe rukora imodoka bituma ibice byayo bihura neza, byoroshya igurwa ry'imodoka, kandi bigatuma ibiciro bigabanuka.


6. Impamvu imodoka nini zo munsi y'imodoka ziremereye za EXC ari ingenzi

EC460 na EC480 ni ubwoko bunini bwa VOLVO bw’imashini zicukura, ubusanzwe zikora muri:

  • Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro: Gukuraho imitwaro irenze urugero, gushyiramo amabuye y'agaciro, gutegura intebe
  • Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye: Gucukura amabuye y'ibanze, gukoresha ibikoresho
  • Ubwubatsi Bukomeye: Imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo, gucukura ishingiro
  • Gutunganya amashyamba no gutunganya ubutaka: Iyo bifite ibikoresho byihariye

Muri ubu buryo, ibice byo munsi y'imodoka bigira 30-50% by'amafaranga yose akoreshwa mu gusana imashini mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho. Guhitamo udupira tworoshye, uturindantoki, na rollers bigira ingaruka zitaziguye:

  • Ubuzima bw'umunyururu: Iminyururu yambaye yihutisha kwangirika kw'umunyururu
  • Igihe cyo gukora imashini: Kunanirwa kw'imodoka munsi y'imodoka bituma igihe cyo gukora kidateganijwe
  • Ikiguzi cyo gukora: Igihe kirekire cyo kumara igice gitanga umusaruro kigabanya ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga igice

Ibice bikomeye bya CQC TRACK bya EXC byakorewe by’umwihariko kuri izi porogaramu zigoye, hamwe n’ivugurura ry’imiterere rikemura uburyo buzwi bwo gutsindwa mu bicuruzwa bya OEM n’ibicuruzwa bya nyuma y’isoko.


7. Impamyabushobozi n'Amahame ngenderwaho by'Ubuziranenge

Icyemezo Aho biherereye
ISO 9001:2015 Sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge
ISO 14001 Imicungire y'ibidukikije
Ikimenyetso cya CE Iyubahirizwa ry'amahame y'i Burayi
Icyemezo cya EAC Ishyirahamwe ry'imisoro rya Eurasian

Ibicuruzwa byose bikorerwa mu bigo bikora hakurikijwe izi mpamyabumenyi, kandi inyandiko zose ziraboneka iyo ubisabye.


8. Amakuru yerekeye ibyo gutumiza

Incamake y'imibare y'ibice

Kode y'itumiza ya CQC Umusaraba wa OEM Uburemere (kg) Gupfunyika MOQ
CQC-VOL-S01 14520610 ~95 Agasanduku k'ibiti Ibice 2
CQC-VOL-S02 108102210 ~95 Agasanduku k'ibiti Ibice 2
CQC-VOL-S03 R9346000M01 ~95 Agasanduku k'ibiti Ibice 2

Incoterms ziboneka

  • FOB – icyambu kinini cy’Ubushinwa
  • CIF - Icyambu icyo ari cyo cyose gikomeye ku isi
  • DDP - Ku bakiriya babishoboye mu turere twatoranijwe

Amasaha yo Kuyobora

  • Ibintu byo mu bubiko (uturere twatoranijwe): amasaha 24–72
  • Umusaruro w'uruganda: iminsi 15–20 y'akazi
  • Ibisobanuro byagenwe (ODM): Iminsi 25–30 y'akazi

9. Amakuru yo guhamagara

Ku bibazo, ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, cyangwa gutanga commande:

CQC TRACK – Ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu munsi y'imodoka zikomeye

  • Email: sales@cqctrack.com
  • Urubuga:www.cqctrack.com
  • Aho uruganda ruherereye: Ubushinwa

Ku bibazo by’akarere, nyamuneka hamagara isoko ryawe mu mutwe w’ingingo kugira ngo rigerwe ku muyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi mu karere ubishinzwe.


10. Inkunga ya tekiniki n'amabwiriza yo gushyiraho

CQC TRACK itanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki mbere yo kugurisha no nyuma yo kugurisha, harimo:

  • Igenzura ry'uko imashini yawe ikora: Kwemeza ko ihuye na nimero y'uruhererekane rw'imashini yawe
  • Ubuyobozi bwo gushyiraho: Ibisobanuro by'ingufu, icyerekezo cy'igifuniko, uburyo bwo guteranya
  • Isesengura ry'imyenda yambaye: Gusuzuma niba hakenewe gusimbuza sprocket hashingiwe ku miterere y'imyenda yambaye
  • Ibyifuzo byuzuye ku bikoresho: Gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo munsi y'imodoka kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu gihe ntarengwa cyo kuyikoresha

Ibyerekeye Umwanditsi

JACK ni Inzobere mu by’igare ry’imbere muri CQC TRACK ufite uburambe bw’imyaka irenga 15 mu byuma biremereye byo mu igare ry’imbere. Yatanze ubufasha mu bya tekiniki no gutanga ibisubizo ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ubwubatsi muri Ositaraliya, Amerika y’Epfo, u Burayi, na Aziya yo Hagati.


Iyi nyandiko igenewe gutanga amakuru. Ibisobanuro bishobora guhinduka nta nteguza. Kubijyanye n'ibisobanuro bigezweho n'uko biboneka, nyamuneka hamagara CQC TRACK utaziguye.


  • Ibanjirije iyi:
  • Ibikurikira:

  • Andika ubutumwa bwawe hano hanyuma ubwoherereze